Dysentery: symptoms, treatment, causative agent, prevention
Presented dysentery an acute bacterial intestinal infection, the causative agent is a bacterium of the genus Shigella. Damage the disease in the majority of cases the mucosa of the large intestine.
The bacteria that cause dysentery rather quickly multiply in a nutrient medium of the human body, but remain extremely resistant to the environment. For the death of the bacteria enough to boil it in water at a temperature above 60 degrees.
Source of the spread of the disease is always either a person infected with or a carrier of bacteria, which it is in a latent state. The greatest danger is the media, or people whose symptoms of dysentery erased. Such cases are the reason for the rapid spread of the epidemic, especially if we are talking about the spread of infection in large companies or in the food industry.
Pathogen-the bacterium continues to stand out from the body of the carrier or infected person, even for 10 days after infection. After the tenth day of the human body follows the healing process.
Important! However, this does not mean that the allocation of bacteria stopped. Another several months even, the person may present a danger to others.
Define the main ways of transmission, since they are only two:
- Fecal-oral. Dysentery is transmitted through water or food.
- Contact-household. Transmission occurs through everyday objects.
The infection process can be described in a few steps:
- First, the Shigella bacteria gets into the digestive system.
- Not stopping in the stomach, the bacterium continues to move to the colon.
- In the large intestine Shigella is embedded in the mucous membrane of the body actually causing the inflammation.
The activities of bacteria may lead to the fact that the walls of the colon can start to be formed eroded areas, which pass into bleeding and ulcers. Toxins produced by bacteria during life, are beginning to disrupt the functioning of the digestive system.
Important! After the disease a person may form a specific but weak immune to dysentery.
Symptoms
The latent period of disease can last a few days, usually around 72 hours. Dysentery is divided into three forms, each of which has its own specific symptoms.
Kriticheskaya form most often begins acutely and is characterized by the following manifestations:
- The increase in body temperature up to high levels.
- There are signs
Gastroenteritisa sharpdysentery. This form begins with a latent period that can last about 7 hours.
This may experience severe pain around the navel in the abdomen. Pain takes on the character of wavelike contractions. Stool patient plentiful and liquid. Profuse loss of fluid can lead to dehydration.
Continuous chronic dysentery. The third form of the disease always leads to the fact that the mucosa of the colon begins to change, and the entire digestive system undergoes changes of problem and serious disorders.
The signs of intoxication in most cases non-existent. Of individual symptoms may be noted:
- Rich and mushy stools which can be painted in a greenish color.
- Loss of body weight.
- The development of malabsorption syndrome.
- Hypovitaminosis.
Treatment
Just note that for hospitalization shows a severe disease, mild dysentery treated at home.
If there is a strong intoxication and fever, the patient is prescribed bed rest.
As for causal treatment it consists of taking a course of antibiotics for example tetracycline and ampicillin, co-trimoxazole.
Important! In severe intoxication, the patient must undergo the process of detoxification. Treatment can be oral, and parenteral.
Troubleshooting the digestive system performs corrective preparations, the most famous of them – Mezim, festal. If there are individual readings, the doctor can use to correct the digestive system and immunomodulators, astringents and antispasmodics.
Prevention
Prevention of dysentery includes a fairly standard set of measures and recommendations:
- In the food industry and the home s compliance with the rules of General health.
- Mandatory control over the water source.
- The sewer clean out.
With regard to prevention at discharge of the patient, then the patient is discharged after treatment in the hospital only three days from the moment of clinical recovery.