A ganglion cyst: treatment, causes and pictures
A ganglion cyst is located near the tendons and joints and represents a tumor-type of tumor. The tumor is benign, fluid-filled fibrous type. The exact cause of which is formed the ganglion cyst so science is not understood. Based on theoretical considerations lies the hereditary factor, which manifests itself after any injury.
In principle, a tumor is not able to bring inconvenience to the person, with the exception of aesthetic perception tumors. However, if the tumor occurs near the nerve bundles, it can put pressure on them, thus causing, pain. The neoplasm is not reborn and not getting cancer.
The origins and causes of hygroma
A ganglion cyst communicates with the joint and tendon sheath and the capsule of the neoplasm is a connective tissue and is shown in the photo.
From the point of view of the reasons for its formation, the tumor still remains an unsolved mystery for physicians. The first reason appears the ganglion cyst is always associated with a genetic predisposition and trauma. It is this symbiosis allows the tumors to appear in the human body.
One third of gigray, precipitating factor is trauma. The researchers conclude that between the occurrence of hygroma and repeated receipts of injury or constant strain on the joint, there is a link.
Most often, a ganglion cyst formed in the female body, and the most suitable age for tumor 20-30 years. In children and the elderly, hygroma does not occur. In theory, a tumor of this type may occur at any point of the body where there is connective tissue, but in reality, are diagnosed only hygroma on the distal extremities, particularly the hand, below the knee, finger joints.
Symptoms
First begins to appear a small but noticeable lump. As a rule, the tumor stands in a separate form, but in rare cases you can see multiple tumors at once.
The tumor can be as soft and pliable to the touch and solid, with hygroma are always limited. If you have a tumor pressure, it gives a sharp pain. Calm common symptoms can vary depending on its location. First of all it concerns the option with the proximity of nerves, and from them depends on the degree of pain that can be constant dull, irradiiruet, or appear only after prolonged exertion. In addition, in one third of cases, patients generallydo not feel any pain and the ganglion cyst occurs completely without symptoms.
The symptom can be attributed to changes in the skin. The fact is that in rare cases the skin over the ganglion cyst may acquire a reddish tint and start to peel off. During the movement, the tumor may change in size, increasing, and then back decrease.
Growing ganglion cyst is also not the same, the tumor can be a long period to grow, and can almost instantly reach the size equivalent to the adult ganglion cyst up to 6 cm in diameter. By themselves, the growths are not absorbed and not come out.
Diagnosis of the disease
The diagnosis is made in several ways, the basis is always the medical history and external clinical manifestations of the tumor. However, this does not preclude the use of x-rays. If the doctor is not quite sure of the exact diagnosis, it is possible to conduct a study on the ultrasound, MRI, or biopsy of hygroma.
Ultrasound allows us to determine not only the size of tumors, but also the structure, that is understood, it is homogeneous mass, or fluid filled. An MRI will accurately tell about the structure and the walls of hygroma.
Treatment hygroma
In the treatment of a tumor takes a lot of treminology and orthopedics. Not so long ago doctors offered to treat hygroma using kneading or even crushing of the tumor. The other part is proposed to use for the treatment of puncturing, in this case, the body hygroma simultaneously introduced enzymes and sklerosiruuschem drugs. In addition, the used mud and ointments. However, in some medical institutions all of these treatments are still used today, however, there is not one documented case 100% satisfactory result of treatment.
It should be noted that recurrence in the conservative treatment can reach 80% of cases, while during surgical intervention, relapse happens only in 8-15% of cases.
Based on these data, we can conclude of surgery as the most adequate and rational option. It is possible to display some of the factors that have lead to surgery:
- Ongoing pain during movement and at rest;
- Loss of functionality and mobility in the joint;
- Not view, the aesthetic mismatch;
- Fairly rapid growth of tumors.
Doctors always suggest to proceed immediately to surgery if the ganglion cyst is growing rapidly, this is due to the fact that the excision of large tumors is always fraught with various difficulties, because tumorcan be located close to vessels, ligaments and nerve endings. The tumor grows and shifts them, and at the time of excision may be affected by them.
Excision is always recommended in the hospital, despite the fact that there is a possibility and outpatient intervention. As a rule, the operation is performed under local anesthesia. It's enough to exsanguinate the limb, to introduce the anesthetic into the soft tissue of the tumor. This procedure helps to more clearly define the boundaries of the tumor and separate it from healthy tissues. If the ganglion cyst has already grown to quite large sizes, use the operation under General anesthesia.
During the operation, the focus is on the moment of complete excision of hygroma if they remained part of the damaged tissue, the likelihood of relapse increases dramatically. In addition, removed all of the cyst, the cavity was washed and install a special drainage. The limb placed in a plaster Longuet, it is a necessary measure to ensure the immobility of the joint, for example, for a certain time. The drain is removed in 2 days and stitches after a week.
In addition to the traditional approach in the operation, many doctors began to practice endoscopic removal of hygroma. This method of treatment is quite a small incision, which allows to minimize trauma to surrounding tumor tissues. In addition, the treatment and rehabilitation after a ganglion cyst removed, is much shorter and is less hard.